Mazzoni, F. , Alvisi, S. , Blokker, M. , Buchberger, S. , Castelletti, A. , Cominola, A. , Gross, M.-P. , Jacobs, H. E. , Mayer, P. , Steffelbauer, D. , Stewart, R. A. , Stillwell, A. S. , Tzatchkov, V. , Alcocer Yamanaka, V.-H. , Franchini, M. (2024): Residential End Uses of Water: Global Evidence.

3rd International Joint Conference on Water Distribution Systems Analysis & Computing and Control for the Water Industry (WDSA/CCWI 2024).

Abstract

Understanding the residential end uses of water is helpful for the sustainable management of water resources and the implementation of water conservation strategies. In this study, over one hundred studies were systematically reviewed to provide a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art research on end-use water consumption. Each study was reviewed, clustered, and subjected to a multilevel analysis aimed at quantitatively comparing the characteristics of the end uses of water available in the literature. The findings of this work support water utilities, researchers, policy makers, and consumers in identifying the key aspects of water end uses and exploring their main features across different geographical, socioeconomic, and cultural regions of the world.

Abstract

This paper investigates the robustness of one innovative model-based method for leak detection, namely the Dual Model. We evaluate the algorithm’s performance under various leakage scenarios in the L-Town network, despite uncertainties and model mismatches in (i) base demand, (ii) pipe roughness, (iii) the number of sensors, and (iv) network topology. Our investigation results indicate that the Dual Model is highly sensitive to discrepancies in the first three parameters. However, the impact can be mitigated through sensor-specific calibration, such as adjusting sensor elevations. Moreover, the Dual Model has demonstrated robustness to minor topology mismatches, like those introduced by closed valves.

Kleyböcker, A. , Kraus, F. , Meyer, S. , Heinze, J. , Gromadecki, F. , Remy, C. (2024): Full-scale nutrient recovery at a municipal wastewater treatment plant producing struvite and ammonium sulfate solution.

The IWA 2024 Conference on the Design, Operation and Economics of Large Wastewater Treatment Plants, Budapest, Hungary

Abstract

Kompetenzzentrum Wasser Berlin gGmbH (KWB) would like to voluntarily draw up a greenhouse gas balance sheet for the year 2023. The aim is to develop a better awareness of the main emitters and options for action to reduce them. The higher travel volume before covid 19 pandemic and the influences of the change of location within Berlin are to be highlighted. The Greenhouse Gas Protocol is used for balancing. Depending on the data situation for the applicable category, calculation methods such as fuel-based calculation for Scope 1 (direct emissions from the vehicle fleet), supplier- and average-based methods for Scope 2 (indirect emissions from purchased electricity and heat) and spend-, average- and distance-based methods for Scope 3 (upstream and downstream emissions) are used. The data comes from the administration, supplier information, Exiobase at Climatiq, Ecoinvent, the Umweltbundesamt, an employee survey via Jotform and individual inquiries. The operating cost statements were used from the previous year. The KWB's overall balance in the 2023 financial year resulted in 148 t of CO2e emissions at the old location. Scope 1 is the third smallest emitter of all sub-categories with approx. 4.5 t CO2e emissions. Scope 2 is in the middle of the emitters with approx. 10.6 t CO2e emissions. Scope 3 is the largest emitter with 133 tons of CO2e emissions and thus accounts for almost 90% of the total balance. Unexpectedly, employee commuting is not a major emitter, as the use of bicycles and local public transport is very high. Business travel, on the other hand, is the second largest emitter, contributing a significant 19 % to the balance sheet, with 23 flights representing the main emitter of business travel with 15.2 t CO2e emissions, 74,500 km traveled and over 50 % of CO2e emissions. In comparison, 114 train journey segments account for only 15% of CO2e emissions from business trips. At almost twice the distance traveled, approximately 134,500 km, the amount of CO2e is only 4.2 tons. Trip segments refer to individual parts of a trip that were recorded separately due to different means of transportation or travel times. The pilot systems and samplers are the KWB's largest source of CO2e emissions, accounting for approx. 35% and approx. 50 tons of CO2e emissions in the overall balance due to their high electricity consumption. IT is the third largest emitter in the overall balance with 15.2 tons of CO2e emissions and 10%. A reduction in air travel in favor of train travel would have reduced the overall GHG balance by 5 % in 2023. As a result of the change of location, the energy consumed for heating and cooling at the site is only a third of the previous requirement despite 50% more office space. At almost 3 tons of CO2e emissions, the GHG emissions at both sites are almost the same, although the supplier-specific CO2e emission factor is three times higher at the new site. With 3.8 tons of CO2e emissions per employee, KWB emits slightly more than half the emissions of other companies in the service sector.

Abstract

This research report addresses the current uncertainties regarding the technical service life and aging behavior of the most common sewer rehabilitation method, Cured-in-Place Pipe (CIPP) lining. The goal of this study is to develop a robust data foundation for a CIPP liner survival curve for use in aging models. The methodological approach includes (i) a literature review, (ii) interviews with sewer rehabilitation experts, and (iii) an analysis of data from Berliner Wasserbetriebe to create an updated and suitable data basis for the calibration of survival curves. The literature review and expert interviews predominantly estimate the service life of CIPP liners to exceed 50 years. However, the study also reveals that this lifespan is influenced by numerous factors and that there is a lack of reliable data. Further investigations of long-used CIPP liners are therefore essential. The installation process, particularly the curing phase, has been identified as the primary factor contributing to defects and deficiencies in CIPP liners. Standardizing damage assessment and condition evaluation for liner-specific defects, as well as establishing non-destructive inspection methods, is necessary to improve the understanding of aging behavior in the future. Recommendations include improving data collection during the operation, installation, and removal of CIPP liners, enhancing quality assurance during installation, investigating the impact of damage on service life, and promoting knowledge exchange among operators.

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