The scope of this document, produced as part of the H2020 PROMISCES project, is to provide guidance for applications of models with a specific focus on model trains for the assessment of exposure to PMTs as part of the predictive risk assessment related to surface and groundwater. This document explains the basic concepts of specific models and how best to use them in model
trains in the framework of a tiered approach. The intention is to inform users and interested stakeholders about what needs to be considered when using different methods, what is the best use of specific models, what are the best combinations in model trains and what are their current limitations.

Emission model to calculate the monthly load of pollutants entering various water bodies and watercourses via stormwater and wastewater via the separate sewer system, combined sewer overflows (CSOs) and wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent.

Highlights

• PFAS and other persistent substances found in industrial urban stormwater runoff

• PFOA-equivalent concentrations for PFAS-24 exceeded EU proposal for surface- and groundwater

• Urban stormwater runoff from industrial sites is one source of PFAS in surface waters

In urbanen Gebieten kann abfliessendes Regenwasser belastet sein, insbesondere auch mit gelösten organischen Spurenstoffen und Schwermetallen. Diese Substanzen werden von Gebäuden sowie Verkehrsflächen abgewaschen und können über Versickerungen in das Grundwasser gelangen. Mit einem neuen Adsorbersubstrat wurden Schwermetalle, organische Spurenstoffe und deren Transformationsprodukte aus dem Regenwasser so gut entfernt, dass sich damit neue Anwendungsbereiche für Schwammstadtkonzepte im urbanen Raum eröffnen.

A large variety of substances are used in building materials to improve their properties. In recent years, attention to organic additives used, for example, in renders, façade paints or roof sealing sheets has increased as these compounds have been detected in urban stormwater runoff and surface waters. In this paper, we show the extent of emissions induced by rain events in two study sites in Berlin. For this purpose, stormwater runoff from roofs, façades, and in storm sewers was sampled and analysed over a period of 1.5 years in two residential catchments. Results show that, in particular, the biocides diuron and terbutryn from façades, the root protection agents mecoprop and MCPA in bituminous sheeting, and zinc from roofs and façades reach concentrations in the stormwater sewer that exceed limit values for surface waters. Additionally, transformation products of the biocides were also detected. However, many other analysed substances were below the quantification limit or inconspicuous in their concentration levels. The emissions, modelled with the software COMLEAM, demonstrate that in urban areas the limit values in smaller surface waters are exceeded during wet weather. Furthermore, the orientation of the buildings to wind-driven rain is essential for the emitted load from façades. The calculated mass balances of both catchments show that a major portion of all substances remains on-site and infiltrates diffusely or in swales, while the remaining portion is discharged to stormwater sewers. For example, in one of the two study sites, <5% of diuron emissions are discharged to surface waters. Infiltration, in particular, is therefore a crucial pathway of pollution for soil and groundwater. Measures for source control are proposed to mitigate the leaching of environmentally relevant substances from construction materials.

This dataset includes concentrations of micropollutants (27) and heavy metals (7) for stormwater runoff from different sampling points at two test sites (A and B) in Berlin, Germany. Both sites are new development areas of similar size that were both constructed in 2017 (1 – 1.5 years prior to the start of the monitoring campaign). Composite samples of individual rain events were taken at three sampling points of each test site: façade runoff, roof runoff and corresponding stormwater runoff from the catchment area. Samples were taken as part of the research project BaSaR (www.kompetenz-wasser.de/en/forschung/projekte/basar/) of Kompetenzzentrum Wasser Berlin, Ostschweizer Fachhochschule and Berliner Wasserbetriebe. More information including sampling and analytical methods are detailed in the corresponding journal paper "Emissions from building materials – a thread for the environment?", submitted to the MDPI-journal Water.

The study was financed through the German Environment Agency (Umweltbundesamt, FKZ 3717373280), which is greatly acknowledged. 

Urbanes Niederschlagsabwasser kann durch verschiedene organische und anorganische Stoffe belastet sein, wie Untersuchungen in zwei Berliner Überbauungen und eine begleitende Modellierung klar zeigten. Daher wurden ein Leitfaden sowie Massnahmen-Steckbriefe für Planer und Architekten entwickelt, um die Belastungen an der Quelle oder nachgeschaltet zu reduzieren, bevor sie in Boden und Gewässer gelangen.